Uzazi wa mpango barani Afrika

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Mara nyingi nchi nyingi zinazotumia uzazi wa mpango kwa kiwango kidogo huwa katika hatari zifuatazo; kiwango cha juu cha vifo vya akina mama, watoto wachanga, na uzaaji wa watoto kwa kiwango cha juu.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Takriban asilimia 30 ya wanawake wote hutumia uzazi wa mpango, japo nusu ya wanawake barani Afrika wangetumia uzazi wa mpango kama ungepatikana kila wanapo hitaji.^[6][7] Tatizo kubwa linalofanya utumiaji wa dawa za uzazi wa mpango kuwa mguu haswa kwa vijana maskini na ambao hawajaoa ni uchaguzi mdogo wa njia za uzazi, athari-mbaya au woga wa athari-mbaya, wenzi kukataa matumizi ya uzazi wa mpango, wasiwasi wa kidini, na upendeleo kutoka kwa watoa huduma za afya.^{[7] [8]} Kuna ushahidi kwamba matumizi mazuri ya njia za uzazi wa mpango kunapunguza viwango vya vifo vya akina mama na watoto wachanga, na kuna boresha maisha ya akina mama, na kuchochea maendeleo ya uchumi.^{[9][10][11][12]}

Sera za umma na mitazamo ya kitamaduni zina jukumu kubwa katika uelimishaji wa njia za uzazi wa mpango.^{[13][14][15][16]}

1. ↑ "Birth Rate". World Bank. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Oktoba 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
2. ↑ "Contraceptive prevalence". World Bank. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Oktoba 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
3. ↑ "Maternal mortality ratio". World Bank. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Oktoba 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
4. ↑ "Fertility rate". World Bank. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Oktoba 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
5. ↑ "Mortality rate, under-5". World Bank. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Oktoba 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
6. ↑ Cleland, J. G.; Ndugwa, R. P.; Zulu, E. M. (2011). "Family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: Progress or stagnation?". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 89 (2): 137–143. doi:10.2471/BLT.10.077925. PMC 3040375. PMID 21346925.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1} "Family planning/Contraception WHO Fact Sheet". www.who.int (kwa Kiingereza). Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-05-06.
8. ↑ DeRose, Laurie; Nii-Amoo Dodoo; Alex C. Ezeh; Tom O. Owuor (Juni 2004). "Does Discussion of Family Planning Improve Knowledge of Partner's Attitude Toward Contraceptives?". Guttmacher Institute.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
9. ↑ Gyimah, Stephen Obeng (Juni 2003). "A Cohort Analysis of the Timing of First Birth and Fertility in Ghana". Population Research and Policy Review. 22 (3): 251–266. doi:10.1023/A:1026008912138.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
10. ↑ Alvergne, A; Lawson, D. W.; Clarke, P. M.R.; Gurmu, E.; Mace, R. (2013). "Fertility, parental investment, and the early adoption of modern contraception in rural ethiopia". American Journal of Human Biology. 25 (1): 107–115. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22348. PMID 23180659. S2CID 7874148.
11. ↑ Carr, Bob; Melinda French Gates; Andrew Mitchell; Rajiv Shah (14 Julai 2012). "Giving women the power to plan their families". The Lancet. 380 (9837): 80–82. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60905-2. PMID 22784540. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2013-05-10. Iliwekwa mnamo 20 Oktoba 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
12. ↑ "222 Million Women Have Unmet Need for Modern Family Planning". The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health. Iliwekwa mnamo 20 Oktoba 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
13. ↑ Susheela Singh; Jacqueline E. Darroch (Juni 2012). "Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Contraceptive Services Estimates for 2012" (PDF). Guttmacher Institute and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 201.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
14. ↑ "United Nations Millennium Development Goals". UN Web Services Section, Department of Public Information.
15. ↑ Bawah, AA; Akweongo P; Simmons R; Phillips JF (30 Machi 1999). "Women's fears and men's anxieties: the impact of family planning on gender relations in northern Ghana". Studies in Family Planning. 30 (1): 54–66. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.1999.00054.x. hdl:2027.42/73927. PMID 10216896.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
16. ↑ May, John F. (2017). "The Politics of Family Planning Policies and Programs in sub-Saharan Africa". Population and Development Review (kwa Kiingereza). 43 (S1): 308–329. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2016.00165.x. ISSN 1728-4457.